As the speed increases, the operator reacts innocently. With this in mind, many high-performance machines are self-monitoring without operator intervention. If the machine does not have the ability to withstand the worst, the operator has no way. If the operator cannot protect the machine, the best way is to let the machine protect itself. This requires the CNC system to respond to abnormal conditions as quickly as possible, and the machine must respond to the system's commands as quickly as possible, with minimal delays due to control loops and mechanical components. The position servo control loop has a control delay function. In the servo feedback system, the difference between the command value and the actual value of the control loop response position. If the gain of the system is low, the error between the command value and the actual value will be large, and the error will increase as the speed increases. If the system wants to stop a high-speed moving axis, the error will be large, and the stopping distance will be long. One way to reduce servo error is to increase the gain of the servo loop. However, increasing the gain is limited by the oscillation of the control loop. To increase the gain to avoid oscillations, special motors and drive mechanisms can be used, such as linear motors, hollow ball screws or direct drives. Another method is to use "feedforward" control. This method adds the partial position command value to the "feedforward" coefficient and adds it to the output. Its purpose is to eliminate any errors in the position loop. The feedforward coefficient is 10%, which reduces the error between the command value and the actual value to almost zero, so the delay of the control loop can also be reduced to zero. In addition, there are other delays, such as the stop delay due to the inertia of the moving parts. According to Newton's second law, moving an object must add a force, which is a function of speed and stopping distance, that is, F. 5 (, n / 2) fire V three. It can be seen from this equation that if the mass is doubled and the stopping distance is reduced by half, the force needs to be doubled. However, if the speed is doubled, the stopping force must be increased by the square value. That is to say, force is very sensitive to changes in speed, which is a problem that must be considered in high-speed machining. The design of the machine tool considers the allowable deformation of the machine tool according to the nature of the material so that the force does not exceed the determined limit. When developing a machine tool, the designer must weigh the material of the machine and the dynamic forces it receives. Control features such as servo feedforward and advanced mechanical design can increase the machine's self-protection capabilities. In addition to the machine tool, the tool in machining is also protected. Designers of machine tools have long known that the flutter or vibration of the tool can cause the workpiece to fail or damage the machine. One method of controlling tool flutter is related to processing images that predict flutter generation conditions. At this time, the criteria for determining the tool flutter are the spindle speed, the geometry of the tool, and the depth of cut. Different images are drawn from the material, and with this image the computer can detect the existing conditions and determine if flutter is generated. This method is obtained by "learning" different tools and materials. Control is predictive. Other methods are to monitor the vibration of the tool with an acoustic or stress instrument. Sensors and software are used to look for signs of tool flutter. Assuming the software recognizes tool flutter, the control system modifies the cutting parameters to reduce or eliminate tool flutter. Essentially this is adaptive control and does not require learning. The current method of controlling tool flutter has a hybrid technique that combines predictive images with adaptive monitoring. A computer with hybrid control can be used as an online device. Connect the computer to the CNC with a 1/0 port or an open system for good control. When monitoring is implemented, the system also learns, resulting in good process images and accurate predictions. These advanced devices are currently in use. High-performance machining requires the use of these technologies to meet user requirements. These technologies are not only designed to meet the requirements of high-performance machining, but also greatly improve the process. (Finish)
Aluminum scrap metal, in the form of turnings, filings, chips and shavings, is produced every day of production, piling up on the equipment and floor. While aluminum and fluids waste can be costly to dispose of and difficult to reuse without processing, aluminum briquetting allows manufacturers to both eliminate costs and create a new revenue. If your chips are small, then can directly pressed by briquetter, if long, better press after shred.
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