From 1879, Edison invented the first incandescent lamp, and now the most advanced LED fluorescent lamp in the world, has experienced the efforts of several generations. At the beginning of the 21st century, LED as a sunrise industry, China has given great support to LED development in terms of policies and regulations and financial incentives, and has opened a green light for LED lighting.
At the beginning of 2006, the State Council issued the Outline of the National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan. The high-efficiency, energy-saving and long-life semiconductor lighting products were listed as the first priority theme (industrial energy saving) in the first key area of ​​the medium and long-term planning (energy). At home and abroad caused widespread concern. It lists the implementation areas and directions of many relevant industrial policies.
As an emerging strategic industry, semiconductor lighting has received the attention and support from the government, from the National 863 Program's semiconductor lighting engineering project to the six ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Semiconductor Lighting Energy Conservation Industry Development Opinion", and then released in 2013, "Semiconductor The 12th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Lighting Technology (Draft for Comment) is now in the 12th Five-Year Plan, and the state's support for emerging industries is becoming more and more obvious. The government support and financial subsidies received by the company ranked first, followed by research and development support. The industry believes that financial subsidies can promote the promotion of semiconductor lighting to a certain extent, which is conducive to driving enterprises to continuously invest in improving technology and reduce costs, thus forming a virtuous circle and ultimately promoting industrial development.
Is the LED industry really so smooth today? I think that in the next year or two, Jiangmen will definitely become China's optical valley until LED is popular all over the world. On May 17, 2010, Ye Guoguang, technical director of Guangdong Zhenmingli Group, spoke amazingly. In the past three years, Ye Guoguang’s prediction has not become a reality. It is understood that the Jiangmen LED industry leader Zhenmingli Group has been in a difficult position. Nearly 30,000 employees now have only about 2,000 people left, and the company has rumored to continue.
The LED layout is initially completed. The LED industry is an important part of the next generation of information technology and energy-saving and environmental protection. More importantly, the global starting point of this industry is almost the same. When green became the label of an era, this LED industry layout brought more imagination to the market.
Who can think of the scale of the LED lighting industry and the rapid development speed? The initial start is unintentional? It is reported that LED lighting originally appeared in Ningbo's small commodity market in 2003. Since then, Audi's pioneering efforts to apply LEDs to automotive taillights have inspired everyone.
China's LED industry has grown from scratch, from small to large. After nearly 30 years of development, it has become a sunrise industry with more complete product categories, increasing innovation capabilities and strong market demand. In recent years, the development speed of the LED industry has further accelerated, prompting the national LED manufacturers not only to increase production, but also to increase the technological content of products. The LED packaging and application industry has achieved rapid growth, and at the same time realized the independent production of LED epitaxial wafers and chips, and the national productivity has increased year by year. According to the data released by the Lighting Research and Development Industry Alliance in 2010, the output value of LED chips in 2010 is about 5 billion yuan, the output value of LED packaging industry is about 25 billion yuan, and the output value of LED application industry is about 90 billion yuan. China also strongly supports the development of the LED industry. In the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Development of National New Materials Industry", the output value of the LED industry will reach 500 billion yuan in 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of about 42.
In 2011, the LED industry is in a period of rapid growth. Following the seven semiconductor lighting industry bases in Dalian, Yangzhou, Shanghai, Nanchang, Shenzhen, Xiamen and Shijiazhuang, there are six cities in Tianjin, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Dongguan, Xi'an and Ningbo. It has been approved as a semiconductor lighting industry base. At the same time, many local governments have also adopted a series of regulations to introduce policies to support the development of the local LED industry. China's LED industry has blossomed everywhere, and it has basically formed LED industry areas mainly in the Bohai Rim region, the Pearl River Delta region, the Yangtze River Delta region, Jiangxi and Fujian.
LEDs encounter bottlenecks Since the National Development and Reform Commission announced in November 2011 that China has eliminated the incandescent lamp roadmap, the policy dividend has made the LED industry develop rapidly. However, as the LED market has gradually reached saturation, competition has become increasingly fierce. Since 2012, the LED industry seems to be declining. What is the reason?
According to the survey, the lack of core technologies, overcapacity, and overheated investment have made China's LED industry face a bottleneck in development. Due to the saturation of the domestic market, more and more LED companies have begun to explore overseas markets. For a time, exports have become a new direction for the development of the LED industry. However, blindly relying on exports will not allow the LED industry to achieve long-term development.
At present, China's LED industry does have certain problems: the development foundation is weak, the supervision starts late, and the phenomenon of low added value of products has not been fundamentally changed. It accelerates the improvement of the technological innovation capability of China's LED products and strengthens the research and development of the industry. The combination of learning and research has become a top priority.
The current LED industry pattern is like the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. This pattern is not conducive to the long-term development of the industry. The LED industry base has not been able to form an industrial cooperation development model, and the industry chain has not formed an interaction. From the provinces and cities to the enterprises, the competition is very chaotic. In this pattern, the local government's push is a factor that cannot be ignored. What is even more worrying is that the pattern of LEDs that have been formed in various places will eventually lead to price competition among enterprises. This phenomenon has been proved by the market. Another factor that needs to be brought to the attention of the industrial policy-making department is that some new products that have appeared in various lighting exhibitions have been cast a dusty.
Government policy has given strong support, is the industry and market regulated? In the current environment, the industrial policies of the competent government departments alone may not solve some of the problems existing and exposed in the development of the green lighting industry, and must be regulated through national legislation.
Since 2012, the overheated investment in LED upstream has caused a rapid decline in prices, and the competition of downstream companies has been fierce, which has caused some enterprises to close. This situation continues until this year. Most LED companies lack technology, and core parts such as chips are highly dependent on imports. Enterprises do not have research and development strength, rely on plagiarism, and fight price wars, making the market that is not standardized more chaotic. Coupled with government support, it will not only solve the problem of overheated investment in the industry, but even have counterproductive effects.
The local governments in the LED industry have been in the past few years and have laid a hidden danger for the current overcapacity. Data shows that in 2009, LED upstream chips are still in short supply, and by 2011, there has been a clear oversupply. Like other emerging industries, overcapacity in the LED industry is actually structural, mainly in the absence of downstream low-end products, while upstream high value-added products are insufficient.
In addition, more and more companies in China have set their sights on the LED industry, causing serious imbalances in the industrial structure. The data shows that there are more than 4,000 LED industry manufacturers in China, and the current LED industry structure is in an unbalanced form. In 2012, the overall LED output value of China's mainland reached 205.9 billion yuan, of which 159 billion yuan belonged to downstream terminal applications, accounting for 77.2, while the output value of upstream LED chips was only 7.2 billion yuan, accounting for 3.5. This phenomenon led to traditional sales agents. Optimistic about the industry prospects, vying to enter the LED field, but at the same time between the low-end products and high-end products.
Focusing on the R&D and restructuring structure At present, China's LED application industry has a low market concentration, among which the LED display industry has a high regional concentration, mainly concentrated in East China and South China. Shenzhen is the main production base of China's LED display industry, accounting for 41% of the national market. At the same time, China is also the manufacturing base of LED display screens in the world. In 2008, the production scale of China's LED display screens accounted for 70% in the world, and increased to 83 in 2010. At the same time, China's LED display manufacturers are also rapidly expanding their scale. By the end of 2010, the annual output value of China's LED display companies exceeded More than 40 billion yuan has been created.
As one of the most promising emerging industries, after experiencing the ups and downs of competition, overheated investment, and industry reshuffle, the LED industry in China is still developing, how can it be in a new round of shuffling and racing? Have to take the lead?
The demand of the market has led to the entry of LEDs into the room, and the Ministry of Science and Technology has played a huge role in promoting the application of scientific and technological achievements. The familiar ten-city semiconductor lighting application project is the promotion and implementation of the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2009. Undoubtedly, science and technology is the primary productive force. The development of LED industry is inseparable from high-tech research and development. What's more, China's current LED technology is not the most advanced. Nowadays, the third generation of LEDs has been studied abroad, but our second generation has not yet done a good job. In the long run, China's LED industry is bound to be subject to people.
The government's policy subsidies and support for LED lighting illustrate China's determination to popularize LED lighting. Under the strong support of the policy, some experts predict that as early as 2015, LED's market share in China's lighting market will reach 20, driving the industry scale to 500 billion yuan.
In addition to financial subsidies, the industry believes that from the reality of industrial development, R&D is a very important part. The R&D support from the government is very meaningful for industrial development. The national level can support the industry in project R&D or industrialization. Develop and strengthen the construction of the industrial chain. For the construction of the industrial chain, experts suggest not only to strengthen the cooperation between the front and the back, but also to strengthen regional industrial cooperation; government support can not simply consider a key enterprise, but should consider the upstream and downstream of the supporting industry chain. Come in and choose to support it with several companies that support it. Some insiders believe that the most needed is to expand the pilot demonstration, because the state has been vigorously promoted, whether it is financial subsidies, research and development support or standard setting, but also saw significant results. However, the pilot demonstrations are still relatively rare, and the effects of the pilot demonstrations have not been shown due to the lack of maturity in operational operations.
Due to insufficient domestic market demand, many LED manufacturers have begun to explore overseas markets, but relying on overseas exports is not the future development direction of the LED industry. The author believes that to solve the structural overcapacity crisis in the LED industry, it is necessary to start from both the enterprise itself and the government. From the perspective of the company itself, on the one hand, it is necessary to actively expand the domestic market; on the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the research and development of core technologies while strengthening mergers and acquisitions in the middle and low-end areas.

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